Django 3 教程 & CRUD 实例

Django 3已发布，具有完全异步支持！在本教程中，我们将通过示例逐步演示如何创建CRUD应用程序。我们将看到如何配置MySQL数据库，启用管理界面以及创建django视图。

我们将使用Bootstrap 4进行样式设置。

您将学习如何：

实施CRUD操作，
配置和访问MySQL数据库，
创建Django视图，模板和网址，
使用Bootstrap 4设置UI样式
Django 3功能
Django 3具有许多新功能，例如：

MariaDB支持：Django现在正式支持MariaDB 10.1+。您可以通过MySQL后端使用MariaDB，
ASGI支持异步编程，
Django 3.0提供了对作为ASGI应用程序运行的支持，从而使Django完全具有异步功能
PostgreSQL上的排除约束：Django 3.0添加了一个新的ExclusionConstraint类，该类在PostgreSQL等上添加了排除约束。
先决条件
让我们从本教程的先决条件开始。为了逐步按照本教程进行操作，您需要满足一些要求，例如：

基本的Python知识，
Django的工作知识（django-admin.py和manage.py），
您的系统上安装了Python 3的最新版本（最新版本是3.7），
系统上已安装MySQL数据库。
我们将使用pip和venv，它们在Python的最新版本中作为模块捆绑在一起，因此除非您使用的是旧版本，否则实际上不需要安装它们。

如果你准备好了，让我们开始吧。

Django 3教程，第1步-创建MySQL数据库
在这一步中，我们将创建一个mysql数据库来存储我们的应用程序数据。

打开一个新的命令行界面，并运行mysql客户端，如下所示：

$ mysql -u root -p

1	$ mysql -u root -p

系统将提示您输入MySQL密码，输入密码，然后按Enter。

接下来，使用以下SQL语句创建数据库：

mysql> create database mydb;

1	mysql> create database mydb;

Django 3教程，第2步-初始化新的虚拟环境
在这一步中，我们将初始化一个新的虚拟环境，以分离系统范围的软件包来安装我们的项目软件包。

回到您的命令行界面并运行以下命令：

$ python3 -m venv .env

1	$ python3 -m venv .env

下一步激活你的虚拟环境，命令如下：

$ source .env/bin/activate

1	$ source .env/bin/activate

在本教程的这一点上，我们有一个用于保存数据的mysql数据库，并创建了一个用于安装项目包的虚拟环境。

Django 3教程，第3步-安装Django和MySQL客户端
在此步骤中，我们将在激活的虚拟环境中使用pip从PyPI安装django和mysql客户端。

回到您的命令行界面并运行以下命令来安装django软件包：

$ pip install django

1	$ pip install django

然后等待一会，django-3.0.2就会被安装上。

因为用的mysql，你也需要安装mysql client, pip命令：

$ pip install mysqlclient

1	$ pip install mysqlclient

Django 3教程，第4步-初始化新项目
在这一步中，我们将使用django-admin初始化一个新的django项目。

回到您的命令行界面并运行以下命令：

$ django-admin startproject djangoCrudExample

1	$ django-admin startproject djangoCrudExample

下一步，打开settings.py文件，db配置修改如下：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 
        'NAME': 'mydb',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '<YOUR_DB_PASSWORD>',
        'HOST': 'localhost',   
        'PORT': '3306',
    }    
}

DATABASES = {

'default': {

'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

'NAME': 'mydb',

'USER': 'root',

'PASSWORD': '<YOUR_DB_PASSWORD>',

'HOST': 'localhost',

'PORT': '3306',

}

下一步，迁移数据，命令：

$ cd djangoCrudExample
$ python3 manage.py migrate

1 2	$ cd djangoCrudExample $ python3 manage.py migrate

输出：

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK

Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK

Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

Django 3教程，第5步-安装django-widget-tweaks
在此步骤中，我们将在我们的虚拟环境中安装django-widget-tweaks。回到您的命令行界面并运行以下命令：

$ pip insll django-widget-tweaks

1	$ pip insll django-widget-tweaks

然后，再次打开settings.py文件，安装app，配置如下：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'widget_tweaks'
]

INSTALLED_APPS = [

'django.contrib.admin',

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

'widget_tweaks'

]

Django 3教程，第6步-创建管理员用户
在此步骤中，我们将创建一个管理员用户，该用户将允许我们使用以下命令访问应用程序的管理界面：

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

1	$ python manage.py createsuperuser

输入用户名，和密码，邮箱：

Username (leave blank to use 'ahmed'): 
Email address: ahmed@gmail.com
Password: 
Password (again): 
Superuser created successfully.

Username (leave blank to use 'ahmed'):

Email address: ahmed@gmail.com

Password:

Password (again):

Superuser created successfully.

Django 3教程，第7步-创建Django应用程序
在这一步中，我们将创建一个django应用程序。

回到您的命令行界面，并运行以下命令：

$ python manage.py startapp crudapp

1	$ python manage.py startapp crudapp

打开settings.py文件，加到配置文件中：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'widget_tweaks',
    'crudapp'
]

INSTALLED_APPS = [

'django.contrib.admin',

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

'widget_tweaks',

'crudapp'

]

Django 3教程，第8步-创建模型
在这一步。我们将创建用于存储联系人的数据库模型。

打开crudapp / models.py文件并添加以下代码：

from django.db import models


class Contact(models.Model):
    firstName = models.CharField("First name", max_length=255, blank = True, null = True)
    lastName = models.CharField("Last name", max_length=255, blank = True, null = True)
    email = models.EmailField()
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank = True, null = True)
    address = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    createdAt = models.DateTimeField("Created At", auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.firstName

from django.db import models

class Contact(models.Model):

firstName = models.CharField("First name", max_length=255, blank = True, null = True)

lastName = models.CharField("Last name", max_length=255, blank = True, null = True)

email = models.EmailField()

phone = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank = True, null = True)

address = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

createdAt = models.DateTimeField("Created At", auto_now_add=True)

def __str__(self):

return self.firstName

之后，我们创建迁移的sql：

$ python manage.py makemigrations

1	$ python manage.py makemigrations

输出：

crudapp/migrations/0001_initial.py
    - Create model Contact

1 2	crudapp/migrations/0001_initial.py - Create model Contact

再执行迁移命令和输出：

$ python manage.py migrate
  Applying crudapp.0001_initial... OK

1 2	$ python manage.py migrate Applying crudapp.0001_initial... OK

Django 3教程，第9步-创建表单
在此步骤中，我们将创建一个用于创建联系人的表单。

在crudapp文件夹中，创建一个forms.py文件并添加以下代码：

from django import forms
from .models import Contact

class ContactForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Contact
        fields = "__all__"

from django import forms

from .models import Contact

class ContactForm(forms.ModelForm):

class Meta:

model = Contact

fields = "__all__"

我们从models.py文件导入Contact模型。我们创建了一个名为ContactForm的类，该类从django.forms包中继承了Django的ModelForms，并指定了我们要使用的模型。我们还指定将使用Contact模型中的所有字段。这将使我们能够在模板中显示这些字段。

Django 3教程，第10步-创建视图
在此步骤中，我们将创建用于执行CRUD操作的视图。

打开crudapp / views.py文件并添加：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
from .models import Contact
from .forms import ContactForm
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView

class IndexView(ListView):
    template_name = 'crudapp/index.html'
    context_object_name = 'contact_list'

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Contact.objects.all()

class ContactDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Contact
    template_name = 'crudapp/contact-detail.html'

def create(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('index')
    form = ContactForm()

    return render(request,'crudapp/create.html',{'form': form})

def edit(request, pk, template_name='crudapp/edit.html'):
    contact = get_object_or_404(Contact, pk=pk)
    form = ContactForm(request.POST or None, instance=post)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return redirect('index')
    return render(request, template_name, {'form':form})

def delete(request, pk, template_name='crudapp/confirm_delete.html'):
    contact = get_object_or_404(Contact, pk=pk)
    if request.method=='POST':
        contact.delete()
        return redirect('index')
    return render(request, template_name, {'object':contact})

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404

from .models import Contact

from .forms import ContactForm

from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView

class IndexView(ListView):

template_name = 'crudapp/index.html'

context_object_name = 'contact_list'

def get_queryset(self):

return Contact.objects.all()

class ContactDetailView(DetailView):

model = Contact

template_name = 'crudapp/contact-detail.html'

def create(request):

if request.method == 'POST':

form = ContactForm(request.POST)

if form.is_valid():

form.save()

return redirect('index')

form = ContactForm()

return render(request,'crudapp/create.html',{'form': form})

def edit(request, pk, template_name='crudapp/edit.html'):

contact = get_object_or_404(Contact, pk=pk)

form = ContactForm(request.POST or None, instance=post)

if form.is_valid():

form.save()

return redirect('index')

return render(request, template_name, {'form':form})

def delete(request, pk, template_name='crudapp/confirm_delete.html'):

contact = get_object_or_404(Contact, pk=pk)

if request.method=='POST':

contact.delete()

return redirect('index')

return render(request, template_name, {'object':contact})

Django 3教程，第11步-创建模板
打开settings.py文件，并将os.path.join（BASE_DIR，’templates’）添加到TEMPLATES数组中：

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

TEMPLATES = [

{

'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],

'APP_DIRS': True,

'OPTIONS': {

'context_processors': [

'django.template.context_processors.debug',

'django.template.context_processors.request',

'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

]

这将告诉django在模板文件夹中查找模板。

接下来，在crudapp文件夹中创建一个模板文件夹：

$ mkdir templates

1	$ mkdir templates

接下来，在模板文件夹中，创建以下文件：

base.html
Confirm_delete.html
edit.html
index.html
create.html
contact-detail.html
通过从项目的根目录运行以下命令：

$ mkdir templates
$ cd templates
$ mkdir crudapp
$ touch crudapp/base.html
$ touch crudapp/confirm_delete.html
$ touch crudapp/edit.html
$ touch crudapp/index.html
$ touch crudapp/create.html
$ touch crudapp/contact-detail.html

$ mkdir templates

$ cd templates

$ mkdir crudapp

$ touch crudapp/base.html

$ touch crudapp/confirm_delete.html

$ touch crudapp/edit.html

$ touch crudapp/index.html

$ touch crudapp/create.html

$ touch crudapp/contact-detail.html

打开crudapp/templates/base.html文件，然后加入：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <title>Django 3 CRUD Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Django 3 CRUD Example</title>

</head>

<body>

{% block content %}

{% endblock %}

</body>

</html>

下一步，打开crudapp/templates/index.html文件，加入：

{% extends 'crudapp/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
        <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-10 col-sm-10">
            <h3 class="round3" style="text-align:center;">Contacts</h3>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-10 col-sm-10"></div>
        <div class="col-md-2 col-xs-1 col-sm-1">
            <br />
            <a href="{% url 'create' %}">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus"></span>
                </button>
            </a>
        </div>
    </div>
    <br />
    {% for contact in contact_list %}
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
        <div class="col-md-7 col-xs-7 col-sm-7">
            <ul class="list-group">

                <li class="list-group-item ">
                    <a href="{% url 'detail' contact.pk %}"> {{ contact.firstName }} {{contact.lastName}} </a> <span class="badge"></span>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <br>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1">
            <a href="{% url 'detail' contact.pk %}">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-open"></span>
                </button>
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-1">
            <a href="{% url 'edit' contact.pk %}">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></span>
                </button>
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-1">
            <a href="{% url 'delete' contact.pk %}">
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
                </button>
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
    </div>
    {% endfor %}
</div>
{% endblock %}

{% extends 'crudapp/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

<h3 class="round3" style="text-align:center;">Contacts</h3>

</div>

</div>

<br />

</button>

</a>

</div>

<br />

{% for contact in contact_list %}

<a href="{% url 'detail' contact.pk %}"> {{ contact.firstName }} {{contact.lastName}} </a> <span class="badge"></span>

</li>

</ul>

<br>

</div>

</button>

</a>

</div>

</button>

</a>

</div>

</button>

</a>

</div>

</div>

{% endfor %}

</div>

{% endblock %}

然后，打开crudapp/templates/create.html文件，加入：

{% load widget_tweaks %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <title>Posts</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css"
        integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <style type="text/css">
        <style>
    </style>
    </style>

</head>

<body>

    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>

            <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-10 col-sm-10 ">
                <br />
                <h6 style="text-align:center;">
                    <font color="red"> All fields are required</font>
                </h6>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
            <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-10 col-sm-10">
                <form method="post" novalidate>
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    {% for hidden_field in form.hidden_fields %}
                    {{ hidden_field }}
                    {% endfor %}
                    {% for field in form.visible_fields %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        {{ field.label_tag }}
                        {% render_field field class="form-control" %}
                        {% if field.help_text %}
                        <small class="form-text text-muted">{{ field.help_text }}</small>
                        {% endif %}
                    </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">post</button>
                </form>
                <br>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js"
        integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo"
        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js"
        integrity="sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49"
        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"
        integrity="sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy"
        crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>

</html>

{% load widget_tweaks %}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Posts</title>

integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">

<style>

</style>

</head>

<body>

<br />

<font color="red"> All fields are required</font>

</h6>

</div>

</div>

{% csrf_token %}

{% for hidden_field in form.hidden_fields %}

{% endfor %}

{% for field in form.visible_fields %}

{% render_field field class="form-control" %}

{% if field.help_text %}

<small class="form-text text-muted">{{ field.help_text }}</small>

{% endif %}

</div>

{% endfor %}

</form>

<br>

</div>

</div>

integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo"

crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

integrity="sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49"

crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

integrity="sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy"

crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

</body>

</html>

打开crudapp/templates/edit.html文件，加入：

{% load widget_tweaks %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <title>Edit Contact</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css"
        integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
    <style type="text/css">
        <style>
    </style>
    </style>

</head>

<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
        <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-10 col-sm-10 ">
            <br />
            <h6 style="text-align:center;">
                <font color="red"> All fields are required</font>
            </h6>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1">
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
        <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-10 col-sm-10">
            <form method="post" novalidate>
                {% csrf_token %}
                {% for hidden_field in form.hidden_fields %}
                {{ hidden_field }}
                {% endfor %}
                {% for field in form.visible_fields %}
                <div class="form-group">
                    {{ field.label_tag }}
                    {% render_field field class="form-control" %}
                    {% if field.help_text %}
                    <small class="form-text text-muted">{{ field.help_text }}</small>
                    {% endif %}
                </div>
                {% endfor %}
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">submit</button>
            </form>
            <br>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-1 col-xs-1 col-sm-1"></div>
    </div>
</div>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-ChfqqxuZUCnJSK3+MXmPNIyE6ZbWh2IMqE241rYiqJxyMiZ6OW/JmZQ5stwEULTy" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>

{% load widget_tweaks %}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Edit Contact</title>

integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">

<style>

</style>

</head>

<body>

<br />

<font color="red"> All fields are required</font>

</h6>

</div>

</div>

{% csrf_token %}

{% for hidden_field in form.hidden_fields %}

{% endfor %}

{% for field in form.visible_fields %}

{% render_field field class="form-control" %}

{% if field.help_text %}

<small class="form-text text-muted">{{ field.help_text }}</small>

{% endif %}

</div>

{% endfor %}

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">submit</button>

</form>

<br>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

打开crudapp/templates/confirm_delete.html文件加入：

{% extends 'crudapp/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container">
    <div class="row"></div>
    <br />
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-2 col-xs-2 col-sm-2"></div>
        <div class="col-md-10 col-xs-10 col-sm-10">
            <form method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <div class="form-row">
                    <div class="alert alert-warning">
                        Are you sure you want to delete {{ object }}?
                    </div>
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
                </button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
{% endblock %}

{% extends 'crudapp/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

<br />

{% csrf_token %}

Are you sure you want to delete {{ object }}?

</div>

</button>

</form>

</div>

{% endblock %}

Django 3教程，第12步-创建URL
在这一步中，我们将创建URL来访问我们的CRUD视图。

转到urls.py文件，并按如下所示进行更新：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from crudapp import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('contacts/', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    path('contacts/<int:pk>/', views.ContactDetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
    path('contacts/edit/<int:pk>/', views.edit, name='edit'),
    path('contacts/create/', views.create, name='create'),
    path('contacts/delete/<int:pk>/', views.delete, name='delete'),
]

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from crudapp import views

urlpatterns = [

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

path('contacts/', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),

path('contacts/<int:pk>/', views.ContactDetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),

path('contacts/edit/<int:pk>/', views.edit, name='edit'),

path('contacts/create/', views.create, name='create'),

path('contacts/delete/<int:pk>/', views.delete, name='delete'),

]

Django 3教程，第11步-运行本地开发服务器
在此步骤中，我们将运行本地开发服务器来玩我们的应用程序，而无需将其部署到网络上。

回到您的命令行界面并运行以下命令：

$ python manage.py runserver

1	$ python manage.py runserver

最后，打开http://localhost:8000/地址，访问

结论
在django 3教程中，我们初始化了一个新的django项目，创建并迁移了MySQL数据库，并构建了一个简单的CRUD接口。
原文：https://www.techiediaries.com/django-3-tutorial-and-crud-example-with-mysql-and-bootstrap/

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