优化 Django的查询

好吧，必须先说。 Django 是您可以使用的最漂亮的框架之一。它提供了引擎盖下的一切，但正如本叔叔常说的:

权力越大，责任越大

权力越大，责任越大

不正确或不正确地使用事物可能会导致很多问题。所以让我们继续看看一些 Django 查询以及它在不同条件下的执行情况。

下面讨论的所有 Django 查询都应用于没有索引的基准表。这是它的结构。

class Benchmark(models.Model):
    knowledge_begin_date = models.DateTimeField(null=False)
    knowledge_end_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
    client_id = models.IntegerField(null=False)
    databook_id = models.UUIDField(null=False)
    datasheet_id = models.UUIDField(null=False)
    data = JSONField(null=True, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder)

class Benchmark(models.Model):

knowledge_begin_date = models.DateTimeField(null=False)

knowledge_end_date = models.DateTimeField(null=True)

client_id = models.IntegerField(null=False)

databook_id = models.UUIDField(null=False)

datasheet_id = models.UUIDField(null=False)

data = JSONField(null=True, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder)

万一，如果你想在桌子上玩，你可以在这里克隆 Django 应用程序

在触发查询之前，我已经在数据库表中插入了 200 万条记录。您可以在[……]

继续阅读

python中代码运行的困惑

网上看到的代码：

def clear_list(l):
	l = []
ll = [1,2,3]
clear_list(ll)
print(ll)

def clear_list(l):

l = []

ll = [1,2,3]

clear_list(ll)

print(ll)

输出是[1,2,3],并不是一个空列表，是不是很奇怪？

首先=号是赋值，而不是改变原列表内容，所以在函数内只是赋值而已，因为在函数内所以 l只是内部变量，函数运行完就消失了，也就是说函数内的变量只是作用域在函数内，所以当函数运行完，并不影响函数外定义的值，输出仍然是[1,2,3], 如果想实现清除列表功能，改成l.clear()就可以

[……]

继续阅读

自定义异常为什么不从BaseException继承

自定义一个异常需要继承Exception类或子类，虽然BaseException是Exception的父类，但如果继承BaseException可能会导致捕获不到自定义的异常，来看个例子：

class MyError(BaseException):
	pass

try:
	raise MyError
except Exception:
	print('---my error---')

class MyError(BaseException):

pass

try:

raise MyError

except Exception:

print('---my error---')

y运行这段代码会进行报错，没有捕获到我们自定义的异常，改成继承Exception就可以正常捕获了，如下：

class MyError(Exception):
	pass

try:
	raise MyError
except Exception:
	print('---my error---')

### resulut###
---my error---

class MyError(Exception):

pass

try:

raise MyError

except Exception:

print('---my error---')

### resulut###

---my error---

自定义错误信息：

class MyError(Exception):
	def __init__(self, msg):
		self.message = msg
	def __str__(self):
		return self.message

try:
	raise MyError('我的自定义错误')
except Exception as e:
	print(e)

class MyError(Exception):

def __init__(self, msg):

self.message = msg

def __str__(self):

return self.message

try:

raise MyError('我的自定义错误')

except Exception as e:

print(e)

就是在初始化的时候传入错误内容，然后实例化这个类，这个e就是实例化后的对[……]

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使用acme.sh更新不了证书的问题解决

最近使用acme.sh更新证书的时候，一直出现这个错误提示：

Please refer to https://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/libcurl-errors.html for error code: 60

找了下问题，原来是Lets Encrypt acme serve 更改了它在9月30日使用的证书链，以更好地解决DST根CA X3根证书过期的问题。

说是最好把证书下到本机里，如果紧急要用，可以在acme.sh后加个参数解决，这是官方的说明，意思是用了可以，但非常的不安全：

--insecure  Do not check the server certificate, in some devices, the api server's certificate may not be trusted.

1	--insecure Do not check the server certificate, in some devices, the api server's certificate may not be trusted.

[[……]

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如何在Django中创建自己的自定义用户模型？

本文将帮助大家在Django中创建自己的自定义用户模型

自定义用户模型有什么需求？
创建自己的自定义用户模型至关重要。将来，如果要对模型进行一些更改，则可以轻松进行这些更改。不然我们可能必须对模型进行一些更改，而且代码的某些部分也将被更改。在某些网站中，与用户名相比，使用电子邮件进行登录是有意义的。因此，对于程序员而言，拥有自定义用户模型是一个好习惯。

本文将帮助大家根据需要创建自己的自定义用户模型。请继续执行以下步骤。

Django 安装
.创建Django应用
该应用程序的自定义模型
迁移数据库

1. Django安装
设置Dja[……]

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如何在Django中创建自定义命令?

在开发Django项目时，有时候需要编写一次性脚本来自动化特定任务。
例如：
1、清理错误的数据列
2、导入初始数据库数据
我们可以通过两种方式在django中运行这些类型的命令。第一是编写一个普通的python脚本，然后可以通过运行python file_name.py来调用它，而另一个方法是使用django-admin命令。这些是通过调用python manage.py command_name运行的。

对于这篇文章，我将通过一个博客应用程序进行演示，该应用程序只有3个数据库表：User，Category和Post。

普通的python脚本方法
对于第一个示例，我们将[……]

继续阅读

Django模型备忘单

Django模型的基本备忘单
有时，使用精简版本的高度详细的信息会很有用。

该资源主要供那些定期建立模型，对Django模型的概念感到满意并希望合并可用于模型的大多数事物的人使用。我经常使用它，并且因为我通常不需要查找完整的文档，因此节省了很多时间。我可以一眼看出特定字段，元类选项，QuerySet等的外观。

我以前曾在其他地方发布过此版本的先前版本，因此您可能会看到类似的内容，但这是最新且最新的版本。

import uuid
from django.db import models
# Use the import below instead, if using GeoDjango fields
# from django.contrib.gis.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

from django.contrib.postgres.fields import (
    ArrayField,
    CICharField,
    CIEmailField,
    CITextField,
    HStoreField,
    IntegerRangeField,
    BigIntegerRangeField,
    DecimalRangeField,
    DateTimeRangeField,
    DateRangeField,
)


def file_directory_path(instance, filename):
    # file will be uploaded to MEDIA_ROOT/my_files/{id}/{year}/{month}/{filename}
    return f"my_files/{instance.id}/{timezone.now().date().strftime('%Y/%m')}/{filename}"


def create_rand_value(app_label, model_name, prefix=None, suffix_len=10):
    """
    Just an example function, used to demonstrate overriding save()
    It generates an easily readable, unique string
    """

    code = ""

    if prefix is not None:
        code = code.join(prefix).join("-")

    while True:
        code = code.join(random.SystemRandom().choice("23456789BCDFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ") for _ in range(suffix_len))
        Model = apps.get_model(app_label=app_label, model_name=model_name)

        try:
            present = Model.objects.first()
        except Model.DoesNotExist:
            present = None

        if present is not None:
            if not Model.objects.filter(code=code).exists():
                return code
        

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/managers/#from-queryset
class MyModelQuerySet(models.QuerySet):
    """Used when we need to return a queryset that has been filtered in some way"""
    def manager_and_queryset_method(self):
        return


class MyModelManager(models.Manager):
    """Used when we need a table-level method that does NOT return a queryset"""
    def manager_only_method(self):
        return


CombinedMyModelManager = MyModelManager.from_queryset(MyModelQuerySet)


class MyModel(models.Model):
    """Comment"""

    class CompanyType(models.TextChoices):
        PUBLIC_LIMITED_COMPANY = 'PLC', _('Public Limited Company')
        PRIVATE_COMPANY_LIMITED = 'LTD', _('Private Company limited by shares')
        LIMITED_LIABILITY_PARTNERSHIP = 'LLP', _('Limited Liability Partnership')
        __empty__ = _('(Unknown)')

    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/fields/
    boolean_field = models.BooleanField(_("Boolean"), default=False)
    char_field = models.CharField(_("Character"), max_length=100, blank=True)
    char_field_choice = models.CharField(_("Character Choices"), choices=CompanyType.choices, default=CompanyType.__empty__, max_length=100, blank=True)
    date_field = models.DateField(_("Date"), null=True, blank=True)
    datetime_field = models.DateTimeField(_("DateTime"), null=True, blank=True)
    decimal_field = models.DecimalField(_("Decimal"), max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, null=True)
    duration_field = models.DurationField(_("Duration"), )
    email_field = models.EmailField(_("Email"), max_length=254, blank=True)
    file_field = models.FileField(_("File"), upload_to=file_directory_path, max_length=100)
    float_field = models.FloatField(_("Float"), null=True)
    generic_ip_address_field = models.GenericIPAddressField(_("Generic IP"), protocol='both', unpack_ipv4=False, null=True) # 'both', 'IPv4' or 'IPv6'
    image_field = models.ImageField(_("Image"), upload_to=file_directory_path, height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=100)
    integer_field = models.IntegerField(_("Number"), null=True)
    json_field = models.JSONField(_("JSONField"), default=dict)
    pos_int_field = models.PositiveIntegerField(_("Positive Integer"), )
    pos_small_int_field = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(_("Positive Small Integer"), )
    slug_field = models.SlugFiels(_("Slug"), max_length=50, blank=True)
    small_int_field = models.SmallIntegerField(_("Small Integer"), )
    text_field = models.TextField(_("Text"), blank=True)
    time_field = models.TimeField(_("Time"), null=True, blank=True)
    url_field = models.URLField(_("URL"), max_length=200,)
    uuid_field = models.UUIDField(_("UUID"), default=uuid.uuid4)

    # Relationships
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/fields/#module-django.db.models.fields.related
    oto = models.OneToOneField(AA, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)
    fk = models.ForeignKey(BB, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="xxs", null=True, blank=True)
    mtm = models.ManyToManyField(CC, blank=True)

    # Auto-date fields
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/fields/#datefield
    created = models.DateTimeField(_("DateTime Created"), auto_now_add=True, help_text=_("When this item was created"))
    modified = models.DateTimeField(_("DateTime Modified"), auto_now=True, help_text=_("When this item last updated"))
    
    # Postgres-specific range fields
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/contrib/postgres/fields/
    integer_range_field = IntegerRangeField(_("IntegerRange"))
    big_integer_range_field = BigIntegerRangeField(_("BigIntegerRange"))
    decimal_range_field = DecimalRangeField(_("DecimalRange"))
    date_time_range_field = DateTimeRangeField(_("DateTimeRange"))
    date_range_field = DateRangeField(_("DateRange"))
    
    # GeoDjango fields
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/contrib/gis/model-api/
    point = models.PointField(srid=4326)
    multi_point = models.MultiPointField()
    polygon = models.PolygonField()
    multi_polygon = models.MultiPolygonField()
    linestring = models.LineStringField()
    multi_linestring = models.MultiLineStringField()
    geometry_collection = models.GeometryCollectionField()
    raster = models.RasterField()

    objects = CombinedMyModelManager()

    class Meta:
        # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/options/
        verbose_name = _("My Model")
        verbose_name_plural = _("My Models")
        # abstract = True  # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/models/#abstract-base-classes
        # proxy = True  # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/models/#proxy-models

        db_table = 'my_model'

        # Specifies the default field(s) to use in your model Manager’s latest() and earliest() methods.
        get_latest_by = ['-datetime_field']

        # The default ordering for the object, for use when obtaining lists of objects:
        ordering = ['-datetime_field']
        
        unique_together = [
            ['char_field', 'slug_field']
        ]
        index_together = [
            ["created", "char_field"],
        ]
        
        # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/indexes/
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['char_field', 'text_field']),
            models.Index(fields=['url_field'], name='url_field_idx'),
        ]
        
        # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/constraints/
        constraints = [
            models.CheckConstraint(check=models.Q(integer_field__gte=18), name='integer_gte_18'),
            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['created', 'slug_field'], name='unique_slug_created'),
            models.UniqueConstraint(
                fields=['fk'],
                condition=Q(char_field_choice=CompanyType.LIMITED_LIABILITY_PARTNERSHIP),
                name='unique_llc_for_fk'
            ),
        ]

    def __str__(self):
        # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/instances/#str
        return f'{self.char_field} {self.char_field}'
        
    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/models/#overriding-model-methods
        if not self.pk: # this will ensure that the object is new
            self.slug_field = create_rand_value(
                app_label=self._meta.app_label,
                model_name=self.__class__.__name__,
                prefix="",
                suffix_len=10
            )
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/instances/#get-absolute-url
        from django.urls import reverse
        return reverse('people.views.details', args=[str(self.id)])

    @property
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/glossary/#term-property
    def char_slug(self):
        return self.char_field.lower().replace(' ','-')

    def process_invoices(self):
        do_something()

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import uuid

from django.db import models

# Use the import below instead, if using GeoDjango fields

# from django.contrib.gis.db import models

from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

from django.contrib.postgres.fields import (

ArrayField,

CICharField,

CIEmailField,

CITextField,

HStoreField,

IntegerRangeField,

BigIntegerRangeField,

DecimalRangeField,

DateTimeRangeField,

DateRangeField,

)

def file_directory_path(instance, filename):

# file will be uploaded to MEDIA_ROOT/my_files/{id}/{year}/{month}/{filename}

return f"my_files/{instance.id}/{timezone.now().date().strftime('%Y/%m')}/{filename}"

def create_rand_value(app_label, model_name, prefix=None, suffix_len=10):

"""

Just an example function, used to demonstrate overriding save()

It generates an easily readable, unique string

"""

code = ""

if prefix is not None:

code = code.join(prefix).join("-")

while True:

code = code.join(random.SystemRandom().choice("23456789BCDFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ") for _ in range(suffix_len))

Model = apps.get_model(app_label=app_label, model_name=model_name)

try:

present = Model.objects.first()

except Model.DoesNotExist:

present = None

if present is not None:

if not Model.objects.filter(code=code).exists():

return code

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/managers/#from-queryset

class MyModelQuerySet(models.QuerySet):

"""Used when we need to return a queryset that has been filtered in some way"""

def manager_and_queryset_method(self):

return

class MyModelManager(models.Manager):

"""Used when we need a table-level method that does NOT return a queryset"""

def manager_only_method(self):

return

CombinedMyModelManager = MyModelManager.from_queryset(MyModelQuerySet)

class MyModel(models.Model):

"""Comment"""

class CompanyType(models.TextChoices):

PUBLIC_LIMITED_COMPANY = 'PLC', _('Public Limited Company')

PRIVATE_COMPANY_LIMITED = 'LTD', _('Private Company limited by shares')

LIMITED_LIABILITY_PARTNERSHIP = 'LLP', _('Limited Liability Partnership')

__empty__ = _('(Unknown)')

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/fields/

boolean_field = models.BooleanField(_("Boolean"), default=False)

char_field = models.CharField(_("Character"), max_length=100, blank=True)

char_field_choice = models.CharField(_("Character Choices"), choices=CompanyType.choices, default=CompanyType.__empty__, max_length=100, blank=True)

date_field = models.DateField(_("Date"), null=True, blank=True)

datetime_field = models.DateTimeField(_("DateTime"), null=True, blank=True)

decimal_field = models.DecimalField(_("Decimal"), max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, null=True)

duration_field = models.DurationField(_("Duration"), )

email_field = models.EmailField(_("Email"), max_length=254, blank=True)

file_field = models.FileField(_("File"), upload_to=file_directory_path, max_length=100)

float_field = models.FloatField(_("Float"), null=True)

generic_ip_address_field = models.GenericIPAddressField(_("Generic IP"), protocol='both', unpack_ipv4=False, null=True) # 'both', 'IPv4' or 'IPv6'

image_field = models.ImageField(_("Image"), upload_to=file_directory_path, height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=100)

integer_field = models.IntegerField(_("Number"), null=True)

json_field = models.JSONField(_("JSONField"), default=dict)

pos_int_field = models.PositiveIntegerField(_("Positive Integer"), )

pos_small_int_field = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(_("Positive Small Integer"), )

slug_field = models.SlugFiels(_("Slug"), max_length=50, blank=True)

small_int_field = models.SmallIntegerField(_("Small Integer"), )

text_field = models.TextField(_("Text"), blank=True)

time_field = models.TimeField(_("Time"), null=True, blank=True)

url_field = models.URLField(_("URL"), max_length=200,)

uuid_field = models.UUIDField(_("UUID"), default=uuid.uuid4)

# Relationships

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/fields/#module-django.db.models.fields.related

oto = models.OneToOneField(AA, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)

fk = models.ForeignKey(BB, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="xxs", null=True, blank=True)

mtm = models.ManyToManyField(CC, blank=True)

# Auto-date fields

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/fields/#datefield

created = models.DateTimeField(_("DateTime Created"), auto_now_add=True, help_text=_("When this item was created"))

modified = models.DateTimeField(_("DateTime Modified"), auto_now=True, help_text=_("When this item last updated"))

# Postgres-specific range fields

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/contrib/postgres/fields/

integer_range_field = IntegerRangeField(_("IntegerRange"))

big_integer_range_field = BigIntegerRangeField(_("BigIntegerRange"))

decimal_range_field = DecimalRangeField(_("DecimalRange"))

date_time_range_field = DateTimeRangeField(_("DateTimeRange"))

date_range_field = DateRangeField(_("DateRange"))

# GeoDjango fields

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/contrib/gis/model-api/

point = models.PointField(srid=4326)

multi_point = models.MultiPointField()

polygon = models.PolygonField()

multi_polygon = models.MultiPolygonField()

linestring = models.LineStringField()

multi_linestring = models.MultiLineStringField()

geometry_collection = models.GeometryCollectionField()

raster = models.RasterField()

objects = CombinedMyModelManager()

class Meta:

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/options/

verbose_name = _("My Model")

verbose_name_plural = _("My Models")

# abstract = True # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/models/#abstract-base-classes

# proxy = True # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/models/#proxy-models

db_table = 'my_model'

# Specifies the default field(s) to use in your model Manager’s latest() and earliest() methods.

get_latest_by = ['-datetime_field']

# The default ordering for the object, for use when obtaining lists of objects:

ordering = ['-datetime_field']

unique_together = [

['char_field', 'slug_field']

]

index_together = [

["created", "char_field"],

]

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/indexes/

indexes = [

models.Index(fields=['char_field', 'text_field']),

models.Index(fields=['url_field'], name='url_field_idx'),

]

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/constraints/

constraints = [

models.CheckConstraint(check=models.Q(integer_field__gte=18), name='integer_gte_18'),

models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['created', 'slug_field'], name='unique_slug_created'),

models.UniqueConstraint(

fields=['fk'],

condition=Q(char_field_choice=CompanyType.LIMITED_LIABILITY_PARTNERSHIP),

name='unique_llc_for_fk'

]

def __str__(self):

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/instances/#str

return f'{self.char_field} {self.char_field}'

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/db/models/#overriding-model-methods

if not self.pk: # this will ensure that the object is new

self.slug_field = create_rand_value(

app_label=self._meta.app_label,

model_name=self.__class__.__name__,

prefix="",

suffix_len=10

)

super().save(*args, **kwargs)

def get_absolute_url(self):

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/models/instances/#get-absolute-url

from django.urls import reverse

return reverse('people.views.details', args=[str(self.id)])

@property

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/glossary/#term-property

def char_slug(self):

return self.char_field.lower().replace(' ','-')

def process_invoices(self):

do_something()

我希望你觉得这有帮助。

原文：https://jacklinke.com/2021/web/che[……]

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Django How to Filter QuerySets Dynamically using django-filter

This tutorial is about how to use the django-filter to add a filtering to your views

I will implement a view to search for users.

Installation
install it with pip:

pip install django-filter settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myapp',
    'widget_tweaks',
    'django_filters',# pip install django-filter https://django-filter.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ 
]

INSTALLED_APPS = [

'django.contrib.admin',

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

'myapp',

'widget_tweaks',

'django_filters',# pip install django-filter https://django-filter.readthedocs.org/en/latest/

]

filters.py

#filters.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import django_filters
 
class UserFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['username', 'first_name', 'last_name', ]

#filters.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

import django_filters

class UserFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):

class Meta:

model = User

fields = ['username', 'first_name', 'last_name', ]

views[……]

继续阅读

Celery+django如何显示任务的执行进度条

Celery单词中文的意思是“芹菜”，也不知道为什么人家喜欢给起个菜名，实际从功能上跟芹菜一点也扯不上关系，非得往上靠难道国外吃芹菜是在后面吃？大家都知道，如果我们在后端执行一个时间比较长的任务，比如超过10分钟任务都没执行完，这个时候如果让用户在前端页面等待，那是非常恐怖的事情，比如用户点了个执行数据库备份的功能脚本，后台马上执行不完，前端用户就会一直等待，直到备份任务全部完成，天知道什么时候能完成，如果这个时候下班了，你走不走？所以对一些比较耗时的任务，让用户在前端等待这个不可取，那怎么解决这些问题呢，这个呢，就用到我们刚才说的芹菜的功能了，celery是Python开发的分布式任务调度[……]

继续阅读

记一次生产环境问题排查（k8s环境）

本文为原创文章，转载请注明出处，否则追究责任。

最近线上生产环境出现一些问题，经过排查后进行了解决，记录下来便于总结。

问题1：

最近研发新上一个微服务，上线后启动了6个Pod，运行一段时间后一直很稳定，但有一天用户访问有问题，在手机端打开直接提示“网络错误”。

分析解决：

对于这个报错，研发那边的反馈是运维环境有问题，网络不稳定造成的，但我们实际的生产环境是在K8s上，每个node都在一个网络内，而且都是内网通讯，如果是网络原因，那应该也会影响其他项目的pod,但从现象看，别的同Node节点的服务运行稳定，查了日志，也没有任何报错，后来经过排[……]

继续阅读

头脑的思考

头脑的思考

优化 Django的查询

python中代码运行的困惑

自定义异常为什么不从BaseException继承

使用acme.sh更新不了证书的问题解决

如何在Django中创建自己的自定义用户模型？

如何在Django中创建自定义命令?

Django模型备忘单

Django How to Filter QuerySets Dynamically using django-filter

Celery+django如何显示任务的执行进度条

记一次生产环境问题排查（k8s环境）

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